Fulvic Acid

 

A Substance Critical to Human Health

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

Introduction...................................................................................................................................3

Fulvic Acid Major Attributes......................................................................................................  4

One of Nature’s Most Powerful Organic Electrolytes .................................................................... 4

Promotes Electrochemical Balance As Donor Or Receptor ...........................................................5

One Of The Most Powerful Natural Free Radical Scavengers & Antioxidants Known....................5

Complexes & Dissolves Minerals & Trace Elements.......................................................................6

Enhances Nutrients ........................................................................................................................6

Transports Nutrients .......................................................................................................................6

Catalyzes Enzyme Reactions..........................................................................................................7

Increases Assimilation.....................................................................................................................7

Stimulates Metabolism....................................................................................................................7

Detoxifies Pollutants ......................................................................................................................7

Dissolves Silica...............................................................................................................................8

Synthesizes Or Transmutates Minerals..........................................................................................8

Enhances Cell Division and Elongation..............................................................................................8

Enhances the Permeability of Cell Membranes....................................................................................9

Increases Metabolism Of  Proteins..................................................................................................9

Catalyzes Vitamins Within The Cell.................................................................................................9

Chelates All Monovalent & Divalent Elements To Which It Is Exposed.......................................... 9

 

 

Fulvic Acid, Origin and Overview ................................................................................................9

In the Beginning ............................................................................................................................10

Humic Deposits ............................................................................................................................ 10

Fulvic Acid......................................................................................................................................10

Microbial Action.............................................................................................................................10

Fulvic Acid is Lacking in Food Crops.............................................................................................11

Science & Medicine ......................................................................................................................11

Benefits of Fulvic Acid ..................................................................................................................11

Fulvic Acid Mineral Complexes are Better than True Colloidal Minerals.......................................12

Hidden Treasures..........................................................................................................................12

 

Fulvic Acids Further Defined .....................................................................................................13

Unknown Fulvic .............................................................................................................................13

How Are They Formed?.................................................................................................................13

What Humic Substances Do in the Soil ................................................................................,,,,,,,,14

The Fulvic Plant Miracle..................................................................................................................14

Who and What Are We? ...............................................................................................................15

The Body Cellular .........................................................................................................................16

Growth & Maintenance Nutrients ..................................................................................................16

Nutritional Deficiencies .................................................................................................................16

Sick Soils, Sick Plants, Sick People ..............................................................................................16

Gone Are The Minerals..................................................................................................................17

Unsafe Foods ................................................................................................................................17

Can Good Foods Be Found?.........................................................................................................17

The Vitamin Connection………………………………………………………………………………….17

The Enzyme Connection...............................................................................................................17

Free Radicals & Antioxidants........................................................................................................18

Super Antioxidants .......................................................................................................................18

Fulvic Acid and the Free Radical Connection................................................................................18

Who Wears the White Hat? ..........................................................................................................18

Antioxidants and Beyond ..............................................................................................................18

The Human Experience.................................................................................................................19

 

Human Experiences With Fulvic ..........................................................................................20

The Healing & Regenerative Influences of Low Molecular Weight Humic Substances (Fulvic Acid) On Human Tissues and Cells…20

 

Animal Experiments With Fulvic ..............................................................................................20

 

Information Concerning Possible Toxic Minerals...................................................................21

 

Aluminum, Friend or Foe?.........................................................................................................23

False Information..........................................................................................................................23

Healing Clays.............................................................................................................................. 23

Where Did It Start?.......................................................................................................................23

Iron Toxicity .................................................................................................................................24

Animals Studies ........................................................................................................................ 24

Poison From the Garden..............................................................................................................24

The Alzheimer’s Myth ..................................................................................................................24

The Team ....................................................................................................................................25

To Be, Or Not To Be (Natural & Unnatural)..................................................................................25

 

Colloidal Minerals vs. Complex Minerals..................................................................................26

Definition of Colloid and Colloidal..................................................................................................26

Fulvic Acid and Colloid Questions and Answers...........................................................................26

 

Myths ...........................................................................................................................................28

 

Analysis of Fulvic Acid...............................................................................................................28

Structure Problems……………………………………………………………………………………….28

Mineral Affinity...............................................................................................................................29

Cellular Action...............................................................................................................................29

 

Radioactive Reactions with Fulvic and Humic Substances....................................................30

According to Szaloy, radioactive elements react with humic substances and require only a brief time until equilibrium is reached………30

 

Reported Claims of Effective Treatment of Symptoms............................................................31

 

Fulvic Acid & Vegetal Silica .......................................................................................................32

Most Calcium Supplements Don’t Seem To Be Effective .............................................................32

Fulvic Acid & Vegetal Silica...........................................................................................................32

Vegetal Silica Transmutates Into Calcium.....................................................................................32

Professor Louis C. Kervran’s Research ........................................................................................32

Absence Of Silica In Conjunction With Degenerative Disease .....................................................33

Vegetal Silica Vs. Mineral Silica ....................................................................................................33

 

Noted Observations Concerning Fulvic Acid, Vegetal Silica, & Arthritis ..............................34

 

Science Has A Lesson To Be Learned ......................................................................................34

The Wisdom of Man, and the “Theory” of Chemical Fertilizers .....................................................34

The Story of Justis von Liebig........................................................................................................34

 

 

 

 

 

Introduction

Fulvic acid is rapidly being recognized as one of the key elements in many outstanding health and scientific breakthroughs of the 21st century. Scientists and doctors throughout the world are beginning to discover fulvic acid, and are starting to recognize its extraordinary potential, Interest in the medical community has been escalating rapidly. We have no doubt that this will increase dramatically as our ongoing findings are released to the world.

 

We are now receiving many requests for fulvic acid information and resources from prestigious

scientists and research clinics in the United States and abroad. The growing interest and excitement is simply amazing.

Until recent only very small amounts of fulvic acid have been available for scientific testing. Most of the studies to date have been done on plant cells. In reviewing and evaluating these reports, it is important to bear in mind that leading scientists like Roger J. Williams, recognize and agree with the following fact;

‘the building blocks present in the metabolic machinery of human beings are, in the great

majority of cases, exactly the same as the building blocks contained in the metabolic

machinery of other organisms of extremely different types.”

Roger J. Williams

 

Although the majority of research and experimentation that has been done on fulvic acid is in relation to plants; it is important to realize that human beings have been ingesting fulvic acid complexes regularly for over 60 years in supplemental form, and for thousands of years from natural food and plant sources. The new discoveries involving fulvic acid are very similar in nature to the recent important discoveries of valuable phytochemicals in vegetables that have always existed, but were hitherto unknown. Fulvic acid has always occurred naturally in organic plants and soils, yet its recent discovery and tremendous value is now just beginning to be recognized.

 

Accumulating testimonials from regular users, continue to substantiate the fact that the same

beneficial properties related to plant studies and cells, hold true in relation to animals and humans as well. Clinical studies on animals and humans are beginnings, and updated information will be

forthcoming. Preliminary findings show that the most prominent diseases and health problems of our day have been dramatically effected in positive ways by supplementation or treatment with fulvic acid and other preparations enhanced, extracted, or chelated using fulvic acid.

Uses beneficial to humans are not the only focus here either. The known agricultural benefits have enormous potential to heal soils of the world. Yet the majority of the agricultural community is virtually unaware of the implications. Industrial use for treatment of sewage and landfill wasted,

neutralization of radioactive and toxic wastes, and a myriad of other uses are just beginnings to be realized. Fulvic acid has already been found to have tremendous potential.

Fulvic Acid Major Attributes

 

 

One of Nature’s Most Powerful Organic Electrolytes1

Fulvic acid is an organic natural electrolyte that can balance and energize biological properties it

comes into contact with2. An electrolyte is a substance that is soluble in water or other appropriate medium that is capable of conducting electrical current3.

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References:

1. Senesi, N. (1990). Analytica Chimica Acta, 232, 51-75. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.

2. Vital electrolytes – Baker, W.E. (1973). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37, 269-281.

3. Gamble, D.S., & Schnitzer, M. (1974). Trace Metals and Metal-Organic Interactions in Natural Waters.Ann Arbor, Mi: Ann Arbor Science.

 

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The power of an electrolyte has been shown in repeated tests on animal cells (giant amoebae), to be able to restore life in what researchers termed “a beautiful demonstration” and “astonishing.”

When the electrolyte potential was taken away during the test, the cell ruptured and disintegrated into the surrounding fluid causing death. Upon reintroducing electrical potential the cell reconstructed and became active and healthy4!

It was also determined from these same studies, that similar results could be expected of the

progressive weakness among humans that results from unchecked hemorrhage, overwhelming emotional stress, uncontrolled infections, unbalanced diet, prolonged loss of sleep, and surgical shock.

These examples are all accompanied by a steady decrease in electrical potential that can eventually be reduced to zero at death. These studies show convincingly that the physical well being of plants, animals, and humans is determined by proper electrical potential5.

Fulvic acid has proven to be a powerful organic electrolyte, serving to balance cell life. If the

individual cell is restored to its normal chemical balance and thereby in turn its electrical potential, we have given life where death and disintegration would normally occur within plant and animal cells6.

Fulvic acid has the outstanding ability to accomplish this objective in numerous ways7.

 

Promotes Electrochemical Balance As Donor Or Receptor

Fulvic acid is available at times as an electron donor and at other times as an electron acceptor, based on the cell’s requirements for balance8. One of the reactions that occurs is always an oxidation reaction in which the chemical species loses electrons as a donor. The other reaction is a reduction in which the active species gains electrons as an acceptor9. A recent study of the binding of a donor molecule to fulvic acid in solution revealed direct evidence for donor-acceptor charge-transfer mechanisms.10 Trace minerals in the fulvic acid electrolyte could also be beneficial in this process by serving as electrodes.11

 

One Of The Most Powerful Natural Free Radical Scavengers & Antioxidants Known12

Free radicals of fulvic acid behave as electron donors or acceptors, depending upon the need for balance in the situation.13 Fulvic acid can in the same way take part in oxidation-reduction reactions

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References:

 

4. Power of an electorlyte – Crile, G. (1926). A bipolar theory of living porcesses. New York: McMillan.

5.  Decrease in electrical potential- Crile, G. (1926). A bipolar theory of living porcesses. New York: McMillan

6.  Powerful electrolyte – Jackson, William R. (1993). Humic, Fulvic and Microbial Balance: Organic Soil Conditioning, 329. Evergeen, Colorado: Jackson Research Center.

7. New Electronic Encyclopedia. (1991). Photosynthesis. Grolier Electronic Publishing.

8.  Donor and acceptor – Jackson, William R. (1993). Humic, Fulvic and Microbial Balance: Organic Soil Conditioning. Evergreen, Colorado: Jackson Research Center.

9.  Donor and receptor – Rashid, M.A. (1985). Geochemistry of marine humic substances. New York: Springer-Verlag.

10. Donor, receptor- Sposito, G., Holtzclaw, K.M., LeVesque, C.S., & Johnston, C.T.(1982). Trace metal chemistry in arid-zone field soils amended with sewage sludge. II. Comparative study of the fulvic acid fraction. Soil Science Society America Journal, 46. 265-270.

11.  Mineral complexes in fulvic may serve as electrodes – Rashid, M.A. (1985). Geochemistry of marine humic substances. New York: Springer-Verlag.

12.  Free radical – Senesi, N. (1990) Analytica Chmica Acta, 232, 51-75. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.

13.  Free radical – Senesi, N., Chen, Y., & Schnitzer, M. (1977b). The role of humic acids in extracellularelectron transport and chemical determination of pH in natural waters. Soil Biology and Biochemitstry, 9,397-403.with transition metals.

14. (See the detailed report on free radicals and antioxidants beginnings on page 21)

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Complexes & Dissolves Minerals & Trace Elements15

Fulvic acid is especially active in dissolving minerals and metals when in solution with water. The metallic minerals simply dissolve into ionic form, and disappear into the fulvic structure becoming bio-chemically reactive and mobile. The fulvic acid actually transforms these minerals and metals into elaborate fulvic acid molecular complexes that have vastly different characteristics from their previous metallic mineral form. Fulvic acid is nature’s way of “chelating” metallic minerals, turning them into readily absorbable bio-available forms. Fulvic acid also has the unique ability to weather and dissolve silica that it comes into contact with.

 

Enhances Nutrients16

Fulvic acid enhances the availability of nutrients and makes them more readily absorbable. It also

allows minerals to regenerate and prolongs the residence time of essential nutrients. It prepares

nutrients to react with cells. It allows nutrients to inter-react with one another, breaking them down

into the simplest ionic forms chelated by the fulvic acid electrolyte.

 

Transports Nutrients17

Fulvic acid readily complexes with minerals and metals making them available to plant roots and

easily absorbable through cell walls. It makes minerals such as iron that are not usually very mobile, easily transported through plant structures. Fulvic acids also dissolve and transport vitamins, coenzymes, auxins, hormones, and natural antibiotics18that are generally found throughout the soil, making them available. These substances are effective in stimulating even more vigorous and healthy growth.19 These substances are produced by certain bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in decomposing vegetation in the soil. It has been determined that all

known vitamins can be present in healthy soil20. Plants manufacture many of their own

vitamins, yet these from the soil further supplement the plant. Upon ingestion these nutrients are easily absorbed by animals and humans, due to the fact that they are in the

perfect natural plant form as nature intends. Fulvic acid can often transport many times

its weight in dissolved minerals and elements.21

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14. Oxidation reduction – Senesi, N., Chen, Y., & Schnitzer, M. (1977b). The role of humic acids in extracellular electron transport and chemical determination of pH in natural wastes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 9, 397-403.

15. Dissolves metals and minerals – Ong, H.L., Swanson, V.D., & Bisque, R.E. (1970) Natural organic acids as agents of chemical weathering (130-170). U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 700 c. Washngton, DC: U.S. Geological Survey.

16. Enhance and transport nutrients – Christman, R.F., & Gjessing, E.T. (1983). Aquatic and terrestrial humic materials. The Butterworth Grove, Kent, England: Ann Arbor Science.

Also: Prakash, A. (1971). Terrigenous organic matter and coastal phytoplankton fertility. In J.D. Costlow (Ed), Fertility of the sea, 2, 351-368. (Proceedings of an International Symposium on Fertilty of the Sea,Sao Paulo, Brazil, London, and New York: Gordon and Breach Science)

17. Enhance and transport nutrients – Prakish, A. (1971). Fertility of the Sea, 2, 351-368.

18. Williams, S. T. (1963). Are antibiotics produced in soil? Pedobiologia, 23, 427-435.

19. Stimulate growth- Konovona, M.M. (1966). Soil organic matter. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.

20. All known vitamins in soil – Konovova, M. M. (1966). Soil organic matter. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.

21. Many times its weight- Deb, B. C. (1949). The movement and precipitation of iron oxides in podzol soils. Journal of Soil Science, 1, 112-122.

 

 

Catalyzes Enzyme Reactions22

Fulvic acid has close association with enzymes.23 It increases activity of enzymes, and especially influences respiratory catalysts. Fulvic acids increase the activity of several enzymes including alkaline phosphates, transaminase, and invertase.

 

Increases Assimilation24

Fulvic acid metal organic complexes are of a low molecular weight25, and because of this they are also of low molecular size, and are capable of a high degree of penetration into cells. Fulvic acid complexes and chelates are able to readily pass through semi-permeable membranes such as cell walls. Yet it is important to note that it has also been determined that fulvic acids not only have the ability to transport nutrients through cell membranes, they also have the ability to sensitize cell membranes and various physiological functions as well.26

 

Stimulates Metabolism27

Fulvic acid appears to cause the genetic mechanism of plants to function at a higher level. It has been concluded that any means by which plant cells are exposed to fulvic acid can improve growth.28

Oxygen is absorbed more intensely in the presence of fulvic acids.29   Fulvic acid aids in penetrating roots and then quickly transports to the shoots of plants.30  Fulvic acid relieves oxygen deficiency and increases the vital activity of cells. Fulvic acids change the pattern of the metabolism of carbohydrates, resulting in an accumulation of soluble sugars. These soluble sugars increase the pressure of osmosis inside the cell wall and enable plants to withstand wilting. Fulvic acid enhances growth and may stimulate the immune system.31

 

Detoxifies Pollutants32

An important aspect of humic substances is related to their sorptive interaction with environmental chemicals, either before or after they reach concentrations toxic to living organisms.

 

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22. Catalyzes enzyme reactions – Khristeva, L. A., Luk’Yanonko, M.V. (1962). Role of physiologically active substances in soil-humic acids, bitumens and vitamins B, C, P-P A and D in the life of plants and their replenishment. Soviet Soil Science, 10, 1137-1141.

23. Fulvic and enzymes – Pardue, H.L, Townshend, A., Clere, J.T., VanderLinden (Eds.), (1990, May 1). Analytica chimica Acta, Special Issue, Humic and Fulvic compounds, 232 (1), 1-235.

(Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers)

24. Increase assimilation- Buffle

25 low molecular weight, Aiken, G.R., McKnight, D.M., & VacCarthy, P.1985). Humic substances of soil, sediment and water, New York: Wiley-Interscience.

26. Sensitize cell membranes- Rashid, M.A. (1985). Geochemistry of Marine Humic Substances. New York: Spriner-Verlag.

27. Stimulte metabolism-Rashid, M.A. (1985). Geochemistry of Marine Humic Substances. New York: Springer-Verlag.

28.  Genetic and growth-Jackson, William R. (1993). Humic, Fulvic and Microbial Balance: Organic Soil Conditioning, 538. Evergreen, Colorado: Jackson Research Center.

29. Oxygen is absorbed – Kononova, M.M. (1966). Soil organic matter. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.

30. Rapid transport to shoots- Kononova, M.M. (1966). Soil organic matter. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon

31.  Immune system – Syltic, P.W. (1985). Effects of very small amounts of highly active biological substances on plant growth. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 2, 245-269; and, Research reports and studies, Appropriate Technology Ltd. Dallas, TX: Murray Sinks II of ATL (Publisher).

32. Modify damage by toxic compounds – Christman, R.F., & Gjessing, E.T. (1983). Aquatic and terrestrial humic materials. The Butterworth Grove, Kent, England: Ann Arbor Science. Also: Prakash, A. (1971). Terrigenous organic matter and coastal phytoplankton fertility. In J.D. Costlow (Ed.), Fertility of the sea, 2, 351-368. (Proceedings of an International Symposium on Fertility of the Sea, Sao Paulo, Brazil, London, and New York: Gordon and Breach Science)

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The herbicide known as Paraquat is rapidly detoxified by humic substances (fulvic acids).34 Fulvic acids have a special function with respect to the demise of organic compounds applied to soil as pesticides.35 It has been established that fulvic acid is vital in helping to form new species of metal ions, binding with organic pollutants such as pesticides and herbicides, and catalyzing the breakdown of toxic pollutants. Radioactive substances react rapidly with fulvic acid, and only a brief time is required for equilibrium to be reached.36 All radioactive elements are capable of reacting with fulvic acid and thus forming organo-metal complexes of different adsorptive stability and solubility.

 

Dissolves Silica

Fulvic acids are especially important because of their ability to complex or chelate metal ions and interact with silica.37 It has been shown that these interactions may increase the concentrations of metal ions and silica found in water solutions to levels that are far in excess of their assumed dissolution ability38.

 

Synthesizes Or Transmutates Minerals39

Fulvic acid complexes have the ability to bio-react one with another, and also inter-react with cells to synthesize or transmutate new mineral compounds. The transmutation of vegetal silica and magnesium to form calcium in animal and human bones is a typical example of new synthesis of minerals.40 (See Fulvic Acid & Vegetal Silica beginning on page 40.)

 

Enhances Cell Division and Elongation41

Fulvic acid stimulates and balances cells, creating optimum growth and replication conditions.

 

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References:

 

33.  Enviromental chemicals -

34.  Paraquat – Fisher, A.M., Winterle, J.S., & Mill, T. (1967). Primary photochemical processes in

photolysis mediated by humic substances. In R.G. Zika & W. J. Cooper (Eds). Photochemistry of

environmental aquatic system (141-156). (ACS Symposium Series 327). Washington DC: American Chemical Society.

35. Pesticides – Aiken, G.R., McKnight, D.M., & MacCarthy, P. (1985). Humic substances os oil, sediment and water. New York: Wiley-Interscience.

36. Radioactive properties – Szalay, A. (1958). The signifiicance of humus in the geochemical enrichment of uranium. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, 2, 12-186 (London: Pergamon)

37.  dissolves and weathers silica- Huang, W.H., & Deller, W.D. (1970). Dissolution of rock-forming silicate minerals in organic acids; simulated first-stage weathering of fresh mineral surfaces. American Mineralogical Journal, 55, 2076-2094.

38. Dissolves silica- Kodama, H., Schnitzer, M., & Jaakkimainen, M. (1983). Chlorite and biotite

weathering by fulvic acid solutions in closed and open systems. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 63, 619-629.

39. Transmutate or synthesis of new minerals – Shnitzer, M., Dodama. H. (1977). Reactions of minerals with soil humic substances. In J.B. Dixon & S.B. Weed (Eds.), Minerals in soil environments (Chap.21)). Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America.

40. See “The Fulvic Acid, Vegetal Silica Miracle” later in this report, and further documentation of Kervran, Louis C., Biological Transmutations.

41. Cell clongation – Poapst, P.A., & Schnitzer, M. (1971). Fulvic acid and adventitious root formation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 3, 215-219.

 

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Enhances the Permeability of Cell Membranes42

Fulvic acids act as specific cell sensitizing agents and enhance the permeability of the cell

membrane.43

 

Increases Metabolism Of Proteins44

Fulvic acid intensifies the metabolism of proteins, RNA, and DNA.45 It has been found that fulvic acid definitely increases DNA contents in cells46, and also increases and enhances the rate of RNA syntheses.47

 

Catalyzes Vitamins Within The Cell48

Fulvic acid has the ability to complex vitamins into its structure, where they are presented to the cell in combination with complexed minerals. In this perfect natural condition, they are able to be catalyzed and utilized by the cell. In absence of adequate trace minerals, vitamins are unable to perform their proper function.

 

Chelates All Monovalent & Divalent Elements To Which It Is Exposed

Fulvic acid has the power to form stable water soluble complexes with monovalent, divalent, trivalent, and ployvalent metal ions. It can aid the actual movement of metal ions that are normally difficult to mobilize or transport.49 Fulvic acids are excellent natural chelators and cation exchangers, and are vitally important in the nutrition of cells.

 

 

Fulvic Acid, Origin and Overview

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References:

42. Enhance permeability of cell membranes – Christman, R.F., & Gjessing, E.T. (1983). Aquatic and terrestrial humic materials. The Butterworth Grove, Kent, England: Ann Arbor Science. Also: Prakash,A. (1971). Terrigenous organic matter and coastal phytoplankton fertility. In J.D. Costlow (Ed.), Fertilityof the sea, 2, 351-368. (Proceedings of an International Symposium on Fertility of the Sea, Sao Paulo, Brazil, London, and New York: Gordon and Breach Science) low molecular weight, Aiken, G.R., McKnight, D.M., & VacCarthy, P. 1985). Humic substances of soil, sediment and water, New York: Wiley – Interscience.

43. Sensitizing agent – Prakash, A. (1971). Terrigenous organic matter and coastal phytoplankton fertility. In J.D. Costlow (Ed.), Fertility of the sea, 2, 351-368. (Proceedings of an International Symposium on Fertility of the Sea, Sao Paulo, Brazil, London, and New York: Gordon and Breach Science)

44.  Increase metabolism of proteins – Christman, R.F., & Gjessing, E.T. (1983). Aquatic and terrestrial humic materials. The Butterworth Grove, Kent, England: Ann Arbor Science. Also: Prakash, A. (1971). Terrigenous organic matter and coastal phytoplankton fertility. In J.D. Costlow (Ed.), Fertility of the sea, 2, 351-368. (Proceedings of an International Symposium on Fertility of the Sea, Sao Paulo, Brazil, London, and New York: Gordon and Breach Science)

45.  Proteins, DNA, RNA – Khristeva, L.A., Soloche, K.I., Dynkina, R.L., Kovalenko, V.E., & Gorobaya, A.I. (1967). Influence of physiologically active substances of soil humus and fertilizers on nucleic acid metabolism, plant growth and subsequent quality of the seeds. Humus et Planta, 4, 272-276.

46. Proteins, DNA, RNA – Jackson, William R. (1993). Humic, Fulvic and Microbial Balance: Organic Soil Conditioning, 569-570. Evergreen, Colorado: Jackson Research Center.

47.  Synthesis of RNA and DNA – Khristeva, L.A. (1968). About the nature of physiologically active substances of the soil humus and of organic fertilizers and their agricultural importance. In F.V. Hernando (Ed,), Pontifica academec scientarium citta del vaticano (701-721). New York: John Wiley.

48. Catalyst to vitamins within the cell – Williams, Dr. Roger J. (1977). The Wonderful World Within You. Bio-Communications Press. Wichita, Kansas.

49. Transport metal ions – Schnitzer, M., & Khan, S.U. (1972). Humic substances in the environment New York: Decker.

 

 

In the Beginning<